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How far the diffusion accounts for the migration of BrC? If the element is released from the particle-gas interface by Ostwald ripening, what is the rate-limiting factor? Additionally, in the laboratory and field, experiments cannot distinguish between particles and gas-phase products; for example, a “particle-derived” BrC mass might be comprised of an aerosolized organic salt and an aerosolized −dicarbonyl gas. In the laboratory, the chemical nature of BrC, and the aerosol composition as a whole, can be altered by the introduction of aerosol adjuvants, which may or may not be representative of the relative rates in the real environment. As such, pilot studies investigating specific BrC reactions in terrestrial environments will be needed to develop experimental techniques with a focus on the interplay of cosmic dust and organic aerosol species.
Measurements of the composition, structure and morphology of CCs present an opportunity to understand meteoritics better than is currently possible. Standard bulk analytical techniques are used to infer the bulk composition of meteorites. Information from such techniques is largely inferred from the material itself and from the radiogenic or cosmogenic isotopic compositions, and are often subject to large uncertainties. Recent studies have shown that different mineralogical fractions of meteorites contain different CHn abundances (Glavin et al. 2009), implying that even a single meteorite may lack an inherent homogeneity. Measurements of CHn in CCs of different compositions and ages will allow for the determination of the CHn abundance, and hence their relative cosmic abundances, to be used to constrain the environment in which these meteorites formed.
For the most part, our understanding of the formation, storage, processing, and ultimate fate of CCs in the environment is based either on physical and chemical interaction models, or on empirical observations of BrC and Br, which are a complex combination of background radiation and cosmic radiation and are influenced by meteorite chemistry (Pizzarello et al. 2006). Major advances in the understanding of the roles of cosmic radiation and background radiation on the formation and fractionation of CCs have been made with the introduction of mass spectrometric instruments capable of acquiring extremely sensitivity high-resolution δ18O measurements of CCs. d2c66b5586